The world is getting hotter, unleashing environmental effects that threaten companies and society, from record-setting storms, floods, and droughts to melting arctic ice and rising seas. Some firms are shoring up their supply chains, processes, and infrastructure, but most are unwisely proceeding with business as usual. Consider this: According to a recent global survey of nearly 2,000 executives by Sloan Management Review and the Boston Consulting Group, two-thirds of leaders agree that climate change is real—but only one-third believe that their companies are prepared for its disruptions.

A version of this article appeared in the April 2014 issue of Harvard Business Review.